Low voc hair spray compositions having enhanced styling benefits

ABSTRACT

An aqueous or hydroalcoholic, aerosol or non-aerosol hair styling aid or mousse composition containing a water soluble or dispersable fixative polymer in an amount from 1% to 40% by weight of the composition, a neutralizing agent in an amount from 0.1 to 10 wt %, a hydrocarbon based surfactant in an amount from 0.01% to 5% by weight, a salt from 0.01% to 10% by weight, alcohol from 10% to 90% by weight and water from 10% to 90% by weight of the composition. Additionally, aerosol compositions contain a liquified propellant gas from 5% to 60% by weight of the composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Regulations and laws designed to protect the environment, areleading to the production of hair care spray products which have lowervolatile organic compounds (VOC) content than the current commercialproducts.

[0002] This invention relates to 55% VOC (and lower VOC) hair spraycompositions that provide hold and feel properties similar to or betterthan that of the current 80% VOC hair sprays. The performancecharacteristics of hair sprays suffer as the VOC level is reduced from80% to 55% in the product. Therefore, maintaining or improving theperformance characteristics of 80% VOC product in 55% VOC (and lowerVOC) products affords hairspray products which have good characteristicsand are more environmentally friendly.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0003] As noted above, the performance characteristics of hair spraysgenerally suffer as the VOC level is reduced from 80% to 55% in theproduct. The purpose of this invention is to at least maintain, if notimprove, the performance characteristics of the 80% VOC system in the55% VOC product.

[0004] In the present invention, the deterioration of the spraycharacteristics of a hydroalcoholic solution containing the hair sprayresin which occurred as the alcohol content was reduced from 80 to 55%was offset by incorporation of a unique combination of hydrocarbon basedsurfactants and an organic salt. The same benefit can be obtained inaqueous systems.

[0005] In the present invention, the hydrocarbon surfactant is selectedfrom the group consisting of: sodium dioctyl sulfo succinate, sodiumdodecyl sulfate, cocoamidopropyl betaine, and sodium laureth sulfate,and the like.

[0006] In the present invention, the organic salt is selected from thegroup consisting of: sodium benzoate, magnesium acetate, and the like.

[0007] The invention relates to an aqueous or hydroalcoholic,non-aerosol or aerosol hair spray composition containing a water solubleor dispersable fixative polymer in an amount from about 1% to about 40%by weight of the composition, a neutralizing agent in an amount fromabout 0.1 to about 10 wt %, a hydrocarbon based surfactant in an amountfrom about 0.01% to about 5% by weight, a salt from about 0.01% to about10% by weight, alcohol from about 10% to about 90% by weight, apropellant from about 0 to about 80% by weight, and water from about 10%to about 90% by weight of the composition.

[0008] U.S. patents in this area of technology are:

[0009] U.S. Pat. No. 5,374,420 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,164,177.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] As used herein, % means weight % of the total composition unlessotherwise indicated.

[0011] The starting materials set forth herein are either known or canbe prepared according to known methods. The compositions of theinvention can be prepared either by known methods or by methodsanalogous to known methods.

[0012] As noted above, in the present invention, the deterioration ofthe spray characteristics of a hydroalcoholic solution containing thehair spray resin which occurred as the alcohol content was reduced from80 to 55% was offset by incorporation of a unique combination ofhydrocarbon based surfactants and an organic salt. The same benefit canbe obtained in aqueous systems.

[0013] In the present invention, the hydrocarbon surfactant is selectedfrom the group consisting of: sodium dioctyl sulfo succinate, sodiumdodecyl sulfate, cocoamidopropyl betaine, and sodium laureth sulfate,and the like. In fact any hydrocarbon based surfactant suitable for usein hairspray compositions may be employed in the compositions of theinvention. Other examples of anionic surfactants are sodium dinonylsulfo succinate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium alpha olefin sulfonate andthe like. Nonionic and cationic surfactants may also be employed.

[0014] In the present invention, the organic salt is selected from thegroup consisting of: sodium benzoate, magnesium acetate, sodium acetate,sodium citrate, potassium acetate, sodium salicylate, sodium tartrate,sodium phenylsalicylate, sodium oxalate, sodium adipate, sodiumbutyrate, sodium caprate, sodium caproate, sodium maleate, sodiummalate, sodium malonate, sodium phthalate, sodium propionate, sodiumpyruvate, sodium fumarate, and the like.

[0015] In the present invention, the neutralizing agent is selected fromthe group consisting of: 2-amino , 2-methyl, 1- propanol,2-amino,2-methyl, 1,3-propanediol, dimethyl stearamine, histidine,tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, triethanol amine, sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide and the like.

[0016] In the present invention, the soluble or dispersible fixativepolymer is selected from the group consisting of: vinyl and acrylicbased resins and polyurethane resins. Specific resins include, but arenot limited to, acrylamide copolymers, acrylate copolymers, which may ormay not be modified by introduction of a quaternary ammonium group.Other fixative resins are described in copending U.S. Pat. No.application Ser. No. 08/717,113 to Bhatt et al , filed Sep. 20, 1996,which is hereby incorporated by reference. The use of resins or polymersin hairsprays is known as summarized in Grollier et al U.S. Pat. No.4,445,521 which is hereby incorporated by reference. The molecularweight of the polymer has a preferred range of about 10,000 to about 1million Daltons, a more preferred range is about 20,000 to about 500,000Daltons and the most preferred range is about 30,000 to about 300,000.

[0017] In the present invention, the inorganic salt is selected from thegroup consisting of chloride, sulfate, and nitrate salts of sodium,magnesium and ammonium and the like.

[0018] In the present invention, the alcohol, if present, is selectedfrom the group consisting of: ethanol, isopropanol, and the like.

[0019] In the present invention, the propellant, if present, is selectedfrom the group consisting of: trichlorofluoromethane,dichlorodiflouromethane, dichlorotetraflouromethane, methyl acetate,dimethyl ether, propane, n-butane, isobutane and mixtures thereof, andlike propellants.

[0020] The compositions of the present invention also include siliconeconditioning agents such as cyclomethicone, dimethicone copolyol and thelike.

[0021] Other optional ingredients which can be included in hairspraycompositions of the invention are preservatives such as benzyl alcohol,methyl paraben, propyl paraben, or imidazolidinylurea, cationicconditioners such as cetyl ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl benzylammonium chloride, coloring agents, chelating agents, suchaminetetraacetic acid, plasticizers such as glycols, phthalate estersand glycerines, silicones, emollients, lubricants and penetrants such asvarious lanolin compounds, protein hydrosylates, and other proteinderivatives ethylene adducts and polyoxyethylene cholesterol.

[0022] Non-Aerosol Compositions

[0023] The invention relates to an aqueous or hydroalcoholic,non-aerosol or aerosol hair spray composition containing a water solubleor dispersable fixative polymer in an amount from about 1% to about 40%by weight of the composition, a neutralizing agent in an amount fromabout 0.1 to about 10 wt %, a hydrocarbon based surfactant in an amountfrom about 0.01% to about 5% by weight, a salt from about 0.01% to about10% by weight, alcohol from about 10% to about 90% by weight and waterfrom about 10% to about 90% by weight of the composition.

[0024] Preferred ranges of a water soluble or dispersible fixativepolymer are about 1 to about 40% by weight of the composition, morepreferably about 2 to about 20%, and most preferably about 3 to about10%.

[0025] Preferred ranges of a neutralizing agent are about 0.1 to about10% by weight of the composition, more preferably about 0.25% to about5%, and most preferably about 0.5% to about 2.5%.

[0026] Preferred ranges of a hydrocarbon based surfactant are about0.01% to about 5% by weight of the composition, more preferably about0.05% to about 2.5%, and most preferably about 0.1% to about 1.0%.

[0027] Preferred ranges of the salt about 0.01 to about 10% by weight ofthe composition, more preferably about 0.05% to about 5%, and mostpreferably about 0.1% to about 1%.

[0028] Preferred ranges of silicone conditioning agents are 0.001 toabout 10% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01 to about5%.

[0029] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acidcopolymer in the molecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0030] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a terpolymer of ethyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate andmethacrylic acid in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and mostpreferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0031] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a octyl acrylamide, acrylates and butylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer in the molecular weight range of about 10 toabout 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, andmost preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0032] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylatecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0033] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylatecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0034] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid copolymer in the molecular weightrange of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0035] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a vinyl acetate, crotonates and vinyl neodecanoate copolymerin the molecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons,preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 toabout 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0036] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a butyl ester of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydridecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0037] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is an ethyl ester of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydridecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0038] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer consists of polystyrene sulfonate monomers in the molecularweight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 KiloDaltons.

[0039] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer consists of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone monomers in the molecularweight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 KiloDaltons.

[0040] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a vinyl acetate and vinylpyrrolidone copolymer in themolecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons,preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 toabout 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0041] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a vinylcaprolactam homopolymer in the molecular weight rangeof about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 KiloDaltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0042] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a quaternary ammonium polymer formed by the reaction ofdiethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate in the molecular weight range of about 10 toabout 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, andmost preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0043] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thehydrocarbon surfactant is an anionic surfactant.

[0044] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form.

[0045] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is magnesium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form.

[0046] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is ammonium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form.

[0047] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form.

[0048] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is magnesium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form.

[0049] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is ammonium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form.

[0050] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate or its acid form.

[0051] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is magnesium laureth sulfate or its acid form.

[0052] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is ammonium laureth sulfate or its acid form.

[0053] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thehydrocarbon based surfactant is a zwitterionic surfactant.

[0054] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thezwitterionic surfactant is cocoamidopropyl betaine.

[0055] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thesalt is an organic salt.

[0056] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is sodium benzoate.

[0057] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is magnesium benzoate.

[0058] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is sodium acetate.

[0059] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is magnesium acetate.

[0060] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thesalt is an inorganic salt.

[0061] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theinorganic salt is sodium chloride.

[0062] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theinorganic salt is magnesium chloride.

[0063] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thealcohol is ethanol.

[0064] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thealcohol is isopropanol.

[0065] Also preferred are compositions of the invention furtherincluding silicone based surfactants in an amount from 0.01% to 5% byweight of the composition.

[0066] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thesilicone based surfactant is dimethicone copolyol.

[0067] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thesilicone based surfactant is cyclomethicone.

[0068] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is 2-amino,2-methyl, 1-propanol.

[0069] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is dimethyl stearamine.

[0070] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide.

[0071] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is potassium hydroxide.

[0072] Aerosol Compositions

[0073] Also preferred are compositions of the invention which areaqueous aerosol hair styling aid or mousse compositions containing awater soluble or dispersable fixative polymer in an amount from 1% to40% by weight of the composition, a neutralizing agent in an amount from1 to 10 wt %, a hydrocarbon based surfactant in an amount from 0.01% to5% by weight, a salt from 0.01% to 10% by weight, alcohol from 10% to90% by weight and water from 10% to 90% by weight of the composition anda liquified propellant gas from 5% to 60% by weight.

[0074] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is an ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acidcopolymer in the molecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0075] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a terpolymer of ethyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate andmethacrylic acid in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and mostpreferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0076] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a octyl acrylamide, acrylates and butylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymer in the molecular weight range of about 10 toabout 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, andmost preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0077] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylatecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0078] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylatecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0079] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid copolymer in the molecular weightrange of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0080] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a vinyl acetate, crotonates and vinyl neodecanoate copolymerin the molecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons,preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 toabout 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0081] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a butyl ester of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydridecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0082] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is an ethyl ester of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydridecopolymer in the molecular weight range about 10 to about 1000 KiloDaltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferablyabout 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0083] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer consists of polystyrene sulfonate monomers in the molecularweight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 KiloDaltons.

[0084] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer consists of 1 -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone monomers in the molecularweight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 KiloDaltons.

[0085] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a vinyl acetate and vinylpyrrolidone copolymer in themolecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons,preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, and most preferably about 50 toabout 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0086] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a vinylcaprolactam homopolymer in the molecular weight rangeof about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 KiloDaltons, and most preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0087] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thepolymer is a quaternary ammonium polymer formed by the reaction ofdiethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate in the molecular weight range of about 10 toabout 1000 Kilo Daltons, preferably about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons, andmost preferably about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.

[0088] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thehydrocarbon surfactant is an anionic surfactant.

[0089] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form.

[0090] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is magnesium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form.

[0091] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is ammonium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form.

[0092] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form.

[0093] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is magnesium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form.

[0094] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is ammonium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form.

[0095] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate or its acid form.

[0096] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is magnesium laureth sulfate or its acid form.

[0097] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theanionic surfactant is ammonium laureth sulfate or its acid form.

[0098] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thehydrocarbon based surfactant is a zwifterionic surfactant.

[0099] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thezwifterionic surfactant is cocoamidopropyl betaine.

[0100] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thesalt is an organic salt.

[0101] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is sodium benzoate.

[0102] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is magnesium benzoate.

[0103] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is sodium acetate.

[0104] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theorganic salt is magnesium acetate.

[0105] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thesalt is an inorganic salt.

[0106] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theinorganic salt is sodium chloride.

[0107] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theinorganic salt is magnesium chloride.

[0108] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thealcohol is ethanol.

[0109] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thealcohol is isopropanol.

[0110] Also preferred are compositions of the invention furtherincluding silicone based surfactants in an amount from 0.01% to 5% byweight of the composition.

[0111] Also preferred are compositions of the invention The compositionsin which the silicone based surfactant is dimethicone copolyol.

[0112] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which thesilicone based surfactant is cyclomethicone.

[0113] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is 2-amino, 2-methyl,1-propanol.

[0114] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is dimethyl stearamine.

[0115] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is sodium hydroxide.

[0116] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theneutralizing agent is potassium hydroxide.

[0117] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theliquified propellant gas is dimethyl ether.

[0118] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theliquified propellant gas is a mixture of propane and butane.

[0119] Also preferred are compositions of the invention in which theliquified propellant gas is methyl acetate.

[0120] Hair spray compositions of the invention can be in the form ofhair sprays, spritzes, mousses etc.

[0121] The invention also relate to a method of treating or styling hairwhich comprises contacting said hair with the hairspray compositions ofthe invention. After hair spray compositions are applied to the hair,said hair can be styled, etc in various ways which are known in the art.

[0122] What follows are nonlimiting examples of hair spray compositionsof the invention.

[0123] The materials, definitions, and performance criteria, for low VOCCompositions of the invention having enhanced styling benefits are setforth just below.

[0124] Materials

[0125] Polymers

[0126] Amphomer 28-4910: Octylacrylamide, acrylates and butyl aminoethylmethacrylate copolymer with a molecular weight range of 165 to 225 KiloDaltons from National Starch and Chemicals Co. of NJ, USA.

[0127] Amphomer LV-71: Octylacrylamide, acrylates and butyl aminoethylmethacrylate copolymer with a molecular weight range of 120 to 165 KiloDaltons from National Starch and Chemicals Co. of NJ, USA.

[0128] HC 7801: Methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and ethylmethacrylate copolymer with a molecular weight range of 50 to 100 kiloDaltons.

[0129] Resyn 28-2930: Vinyl acetate, crotonates, vinyl neodecanoatecopolymer with a molecular weight range of 70 to 110 kilo Daltons fromNational Starch and Chemicals Co. of NJ, USA..

[0130] Neutralizer

[0131] 2-amino, 2-methyl, 1-propanol from Angus Chemical Company, LA,USA.

[0132] Silicone Surfactants

[0133] Dimethicone copolyol: Silwet L-720 from Witco Corp., WV, USA

[0134] Cyclomethicone: DC 245 from Dow Corning, MI, USA

[0135] Hydrocarbon Surfactants

[0136] Sodium dioctyl sulfo succinate: Monawet MO 75-E from Uniqema,N.J., USA

[0137] Sodium dodecyl sulfate: Obtained from BDH Laboratory supplies,Poole, England

[0138] Cocoamidopropyl betaine: Tegobetaine from GoldSchmidt Industries

[0139] Sodium laureth sulfate (2 moles EO): Empicol ESB 3/AQ fromAlbright & Wilson, IL, USA

[0140] Organic Salts

[0141] Sodium benzoate: Boric chemical, IL USA

[0142] Magnesium acetate: Aldrich, Wis., USA

[0143] Propellant

[0144] Dimethyl ether: Dymel DME from DuPont Chemical Co., Wilmington,Del. USA

[0145] Definitions

[0146] Dynamic Surface Tension

[0147] A test liquid in a typical surface tension experiment is staticand any surface active material would be in equilibrium. In reality,spraying and subsequent wet out on hair are both dynamic processes andare affected by the surface tension of the formulation. Any materialsthat are surface active need time to migrate to and organize themselvesat the air-liquid interface in order to effectively lower the surfacetension. Any difference in perceived static versus dynamic surfacetension could result in less than optimum performance. As describedbelow, the faster the surface tension of a composition equilibrates, thebetter are its hairspray characteristics.

[0148] The dynamic surface tension experiment is typically conductedusing a maximum bubble pressure method. This method is based onrecording the pressure required to form bubbles at a given rate/frequency in a test liquid. The surface tension is then calculated basedon the measured pressure. The results are typically expressed in termsof dynamic surface tension against the surface age. Surface age is thetime elapsed between the bubble formation and detachment of the bubble.

[0149] A surface age of about 10 msec is the time frame of interest fordrop formation in spray process. The liquids used in hair sprayapplications generally reach equilibrium within 1000 msec (surface ageof 1 sec.). To obtain good spray properties, the difference between thesurface tension obtained at very short time scales (ex: 10 msec) and theequilibrium surface tension (obtained for example at 1000 sec or higher)should be as small as possible.

[0150] We have chosen the difference in surface tension obtained at asurface age of about 10 msec and that obtained at a surface age of about1500 msec (Δ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀) as the criterion for comparing the performance ofdifferent hair spray solutions.

Preparation of 55% voc Non-Aerosol Hairspray Solutions

[0151] Equipment

[0152] Fawcett Co, Model 103-A Mixer

[0153] Mettler Toledo PG5002-S balance

[0154] medium sized stir bar (optional)

[0155] beaker

[0156] transfer pipets

[0157] USA Standard Testing Sieve #100, WS Tyler Unc. 150micrometer

[0158] Procedure

[0159] 1. Add item#1, SD Alcohol 40-B into a suitably sized container.

[0160] 2. Begin moderate agitation using an overhead mixer or a stirbar.

[0161] 3. Add item#2, neutralizer. Increase agitation to high settinguntil a vortex is created.

[0162] 4. Add item#3, polymer, slowly directly into the vortex. Reducemixing speed to moderate setting. Continue mixing until solution isclear.

[0163] 5. Add item#4, surfactant, followed item#5, Silicone surfactant,and item#6, fragrance.

[0164] 6. Add item#7, water followed by item#8, salt.

[0165] 7. Continue mixing until solution is clear.

[0166] 8. Conduct an alcohol correction for any alcohol which might haveevaporated during the mixing process.

[0167] 9. Filter solution through a 150 micron mesh filter.

[0168] The following compositions of the invention were made. TABLE 155% VOC Non-Aerosol Hair Spray Compositions Test Solution# 1 2 3 4 5 6 78 9 10 11 12 Component CONTROL wt % Ethanol 53 0 55.0 55.0 55.0 55 0 550 55 0 55.0 55 0 55 0 55 0 55.0 Isopropanol 2.0 — — — — — — — — — — —2-amino,2-methyl,1-propanol 0.91 0.82 0 82 0 82 0.82 0 82 0 82 0 82 0.820.82 0 82 0.41 Amphomer 28-4910 6 0 6 0 6 0 6.0 6 0 6 0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.06 0 3.0 Dimethicone copolyol — 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 3 0.3 0 3 0.3 03 Cyclomethicone — 0.13 0.13 0 13 — — — — — — — — Sodium dodecyl sulfate— — — — — — — — 0.2 — — — Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate 0 2 0.2 — — 0.20 2 — — — 0.05 — 0 2 Sodium lauryl ether sulfate — — — — — — — 0 2 — — —— Cocoamidopropyl betaine — — — — — — 0.2 — — — — — Sodium benzoate —0.0 0 144 0 3 0.3 — — — — — 0 07 0 3 Magnesium acetate — — — — — 0.3 0.30.3 0.3 0.3 — — Fragrance 0.12 0 12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0 12 0 12 0.12 0 12 012 0.12 0 12 Water to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100

[0169] TABLE 2 55% VOC Non-Aerosol Hair Spray Compositions Test Solution# 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Component wt % Ethanol 55 0 55 0 55 055.0 55 0 55 0 55 0 55 0 55 0 55 0 55 0 2-amino,2-methyl,1-propanol 0.840.84 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0 74 0 74 0.74 0.74 0.37 HC 7801 6 0 6 0 6 0 60 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6 0 6.0 3 0 Dimethicone copolyol — — 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 03 0.3 0 3 0.3 0.3 Cyclomethicone — — 0 13 0.13 0.13 013 0.13 — — — —Sodium dodecyl sulfate — — — — — — — 0.2 — — — Sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate 0 2 0.4 — 0 2 0 2 — — — 0 05 — 0 2 Sodium lauryl ethersulfate — — — — — — 0 2 — — — — Cocoamidopropyl betaine — — — — — 0 2 —— — — — Sodium benzoate 0.144 0.144 — 0 144 — — — — — 0.07 0 3 Magnesiumacetate — — — — 0.144 0.144 0.144 0.144 0.3 — — Fragrance 0.12 0.12 —0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 012 0.12 0.12 Water to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100

[0170] TABLE 3 55% VOC Aerosol Hair Spray Compositions Test Solution #24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 Component wt % Ethanol 22 0 22.0 22 022 0 22.0 22 0 22.0 22.0 22 0 22.0 22.0 2-amino,2-methyl,1-propanol 0 560.56 0 56 0 56 0.56 0.56 0 56 0.56 0.56 0 56 029 Resyn 28-2930 5 7 5.7 57 5.7 5.7 5 7 5.7 5 7 5 7 5.7 3 0 Dimethicone copolyol 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 3 03 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 3 0.3 0.3 Cyclomethicone 0.13 0.13 0.13 — — — — — — — —Sodium dodecyl sulfate — — — — — — — 0.2 — — — Sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate 0 2 — — 0.2 0.2 — — — 0.05 — 0 2 Sodium lauryl ethersulfate — — — — — — 0 2 — — — — Cocoamidopropyl betaine — — — — — 0 2 —— — — — Sodium benzoate 0 0 0.144 0 3 0 3 — — — — — 0.07 0.3 Magnesiumacetate — — — — 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 3 — — Fragrance 0.12 0.12 0.12 0 12 012 0 12 0 12 0 12 0.12 0 12 0 12 Dimethyl ether 33.0 33.0 33.0 33 0 33.033.0 33 0 33 0 33.0 33.0 33 0 Water to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100

[0171] TABLE 4 55% VOC Aerosol Hair Spray Compositions Test Solution #35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Component wt % Ethanol 22.0 22 0 22.022 0 22.0 22 0 22.0 22.0 22 0 22.0 22 0 2-amino,2-methyl,1-propanol 0 740.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.74 0 74 037 Amphomer LV-71 2 5 2.52.5 2.5 2 5 2.5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 1.25 Resyn 28-2930 2 5 2 5 2 5 2.5 2 52.5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 1.25 Dimethicone copolyol — — 0.3 0.3 0.3 0 3 0.3 03 0 3 0.3 0.3 Cyclomethicone — — 0 13 0 13 0 13 0.13 0 13 — — — — Sodiumdodecyl sulfate — — — — — — — 0.2 — — — Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate 02 0.4 — 0.20 0 2 — — — 0 05 — 0 2 Sodium lauryl ether sulfate — — — — —— 0.2 — — — — Cocoamidopropyl betaine — — — — — 0.2 — — — — — Sodiumbenzoate 0144 0.144 — 0.144 — — — — — 0 07 0 3 Magnesium acetate — — — —0 144 0 144 0.144 0.144 03 — — Fragrance 0 12 0.12 — 0 12 0.12 0.12 0 120.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 Dimethyl ether 33.0 33.0 33.0 33 0 33 0 33.0 33.0 330 33 0 33 0 33.0 Water to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100to 100 to 100 to 100 to 100

Example 1 Comparison of Dynamic Surface Tension of 55% VOC Test HairSpray Solutions with Commercial Hair Sprays

[0172] Dynamic Surface Tension, mN/m Test Solution 10 msec 1500 msecΔ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 1 38.2 26.4 11.8 2 35.3 23.6 11.7 3 36.4 24.8 11.6 4 36.2 24.611.6 5 34.2 24.0 10.2

[0173] This example shows that a combination of an organic salt (sodiumbenzoate) and a hydrocarbon surfactant is required (test solution #5) tobring the surface tension difference of the 55% VOC test solution downto that of 80% VOC commercial product. Test solution 1 in which only ahydrocarbon based surfactant is used, Test solution #2 in which acombination of silicone and hydrocarbon surfactants is present or testsolutions 3 and 4, in which a combination of an organic salt and asilicone based surfactant is present do not bring the surface tensiondifference to that of the 80% VOC product.

Example 2 Comparison of Sodium Benzoate and Magnesium Acetate

[0174] Dynamic Surface Tension, mN/m Test Solution 10 msec 1500 msecΔ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 5 34.2 24.0 10.2 6 34.7 24.0 10.5

[0175] These results show that both sodium benzoate and magnesiumacetate brings the surface tension difference of the 55% VOC testsolution closer to that of the commercial product.

Example 3 Effect of Different Surfactants on Dynamic Surface Tension

[0176] Dynamic Surface Tension, mN/m Test Solution 10 msec 1500 msecΔ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 6 34.7 24.0 10.5 7 34.1 23.4 10.7 8 35.1 24.6 10.5 9 34.6 24.310.3

[0177] This example shows that all the hydrocarbon surfactants testedbring down the surface tension difference closer to that of a commercialproduct.

Example 4 Comparison of Effect of Silicone Versus Hydrocarbon BasedSurfactant and Organic Salt on Dynamic Surface Tension

[0178] Dynamic Surface Tension, mN/m Test Solution 10 msec 1500 msecΔ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 13 35.6 25.7 9.9 14 34.6 25.2 9.4 15 35.6 24.2 11.4 16 33.123.2 9.9

[0179] This example shows that a combination of hydrocarbon surfactantand an organic salt brings down the surface tension difference down tothat of commercial product, also with HC 7801 styling resin. In theabsence of hydrocarbon surfactant and an organic salt the surfacetension difference remains high (>11).

Example 5 Comparison of Sodium Benzoate and Magnesium Acetate

[0180] Dynamic Surface Tension, mN/m Test Solution 10 msec 1500 msecΔ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 16 33.1 23.2 9.9 17 33.0 22.5 10.5

[0181] these results show that both sodium benzoate and magnesiumacetate bring the surface tension difference of the 55% VOC testsolution closer to that of the commercial product, also with HC 7801styling resin.

Example 6 Effect of Different Surfactants on Dynamic Surface Tension

[0182] Dynamic Surface Tension, mN/m Test Solution 10 msec 1500 msecΔ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 17 33.0 22.5 10.5 18 33.7 23.6 10.1 19 33.9 23.1 10.8 20 33.723.1 10.6

[0183] This example shows that all the hydrocarbon surfactants testedbring down the surface tension difference closer to that of commercialproduct, also with HC 7801 styling resin.

Example 7 Effect of Different Levels of Polymers and Surfactants onDynamic Surface Tension

[0184] Dynamic Surface Tension, mN/m Test Solution 10 msec 1500 msecΔ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 10 36.1 25.8 10.3 12 32.1 22.6 9.5 21 34.2 24.2 10.0 23 33.023.1 9.9

[0185] This example shows that the combination of organic salt and thehydrocarbon based surfactant shows synergy at low polymer level of 3.0%and also low dioctyl level of 0.05 wt %.

Example 7(a) Comparison of Composition of Test Solution #15 withCommercial Product Rave #4 in Consumer Test of Spray Characteristics

[0186] Test Type: Mini take home test

[0187] Number of consumers : 38

[0188] Rating Scale: 0 to 9; 0—very poor & 9—very good Rating CommercialTest Sequential monadic question Product Pro- Significance duct How easyis it to control the direction of the spray? 7.2 6.2 90% How easy is itto control the amount of spray? 6.3 5.4 99% How fine is the mist? 6.25.5 90% How even is the spray? 6.6 5.7 95% How easy is it to get thefirst spray? 6.0 5.0 95% How fast does the product dry? 6.8 5.4 99% Howmanageable does the product make your hair? 5.6 4.3 95% Surface tensiondifference, Δ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 10.2 11.4

[0189] The consumer test results show that the test solution with highersurface tension difference performs poorly compared to the commercialproduct with a lower surface tension difference.

Example 8 Comparison of Composition of Test Solution #16 with CommercialProduct in Consumer Test of Spray Characteristics

[0190] Test Type: Mini take home test

[0191] Number of consumers: 39

[0192] Rating Scale: 0 to 9; 0—very poor & 9—very good Rating CommercialTest Sequential monadic question product Pro- Significance duct How easyis it to control the direction of the spray? 6.1 6.5 No diff. How easyis it to control the direction of the spray? 5.7 5.8 No diff. How fineis the mist? 6.0 5.7 No diff. How even is the spray? 6.0 6.1 No diff.How easy is it to get the first spray? 4.2 4.4 No diff. How fast doesthe product dry? 5.6 5.2 No diff. How manageable does the product makeyour hair? 5.1 4.7 No diff. Surface tension difference, Δ₁₀₋₁₅₀₀ 7.3 9.9

[0193] These results show that as the surface tension difference of the55% VOC test solution is reduced to about 10.0, it performs as well asthe 80% VOC commercial product.

What is claimed is:
 1. An aqueous non-aerosol hair styling aidcomposition comprising a water soluble or dispersable fixative polymerin an amount from 1% to 40% by weight of the composition, a neutralizingagent in an amount from 0.1 to 10 wt %, a hydrocarbon based surfactantin an amount from 0.01% to 5% by weight, a salt from 0.01% to 10% byweight, alcohol from 10% to 90% by weight and water from 10% to 90% byweight of the composition.
 2. A composition according to claim 1 whereinthe polymer is in the molecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000Kilo Daltons.
 3. A composition according to claim 1 wherein the polymeris in the molecular weight range of about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons.
 4. Acomposition according to claim 1 wherein the polymer is in the molecularweight range of about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.
 5. A compositionaccording to claim 1 in which the polymer is a polymer selected from thegroup consisting of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and methacrylicacid copolymer; ethyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate and methacrylic acidterpolymer; octyl acrylamide, acrylates and butylaminoethyl methacrylatecopolymer; methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylatecopolymer; methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate and ethyl methacrylatecopolymer; butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid copolymer; vinyl acetate, crotonatesand vinyl neodecanoate copolymer; a butyl ester of vinyl methyl etherand maleic anhydride copolymer; an ethyl ester of vinyl methyl ether andmaleic anhydride copolymer; a polymer which consists of polystyrenesulfonate monomers; a polymer consists of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone; vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone copolymer; vinylcaprolactam homopolymer; aquaternary ammonium polymer formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfateand a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate; and mixtures thereof.
 6. A composition accordingto claim 1 in which the hydrocarbon surfactant is an anionic surfactantselected from the group consisting of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate orits acid form; magnesium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form;ammonium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form; sodium dodecyl sulfateor its acid form; magnesium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form; ammoniumdodecyl sulfate or its acid form; sodium laureth sulfate or its acidform; magnesium laureth sulfate or its acid form; and ammonium laurethsulfate or its acid form.
 7. A composition according to claim 1 in whichthe hydrocarbon surfactant is the zwitterionic surfactantcocoamidopropyl betaine.
 8. The composition according to claim 1 whereinthe salt is an organic salt selected from the group consisting of sodiumbenzoate; magnesium benzoate; sodium acetate; and m agnesium acetate. 9.The composition according to claim 1 wherein the salt is an inorganicsalt selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride and magnesiumchloride.
 10. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the alcoholis selected from the group consisting of ethanol and isopropanol.
 11. Acomposition according to claim 1 which further comprises silicone basedsurfactants in an amount from 0.01% to 5% by weight of the composition.12. The compositions in claim 11 in which the silicone based surfactantis selected from the group consisting of dimethicone copolyol andcyclomethicone.
 13. The composition in claim 1 in which the neutralizingagent is selected from the group consisting of2-amino,2-methyl,1-propanol; dimethyl stearamine; sodium hydroxide; andpotassium hydroxide.
 14. An aqueous aerosol hair styling aid or moussecomposition containing a water soluble or dispersable fixative polymerin an amount from 1% to 40% by weight of the composition, a neutralizingagent in an amount from 1 to 10 wt %, a hydrocarbon based surfactant inan amount from 0.01% to 5% by weight, a salt from 0.01% to 10% byweight, alcohol from 10% to 90% by weight and water from 10% to 90% byweight of the composition and a liquified propellant gas from 5% to 60%by weight.
 15. A composition according to claim 14 wherein the polymeris in the molecular weight range of about 10 to about 1000 Kilo Daltons.16. A composition according to claim 14 wherein the polymer is in themolecular weight range of about 20 to 500 Kilo Daltons.
 17. Acomposition according to claim 14 wherein the polymer is in themolecular weight range of about 50 to about 300 Kilo Daltons.
 18. Thecomposition in claim 14 in which the polymer is a polymer selected fromthe group consisting of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate andmethacrylic acid copolymer; ethyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate andmethacrylic acid terpolymer; octyl acrylamide, acrylates andbutylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer; methacrylic acid, n-butylacrylate and methyl methacrylate copolymer; methacrylic acid, n-butylacrylate and ethyl methacrylate copolymer; butyl acrylate, methylmethacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid copolymer;vinyl acetate, crotonates and vinyl neodecanoate copolymer; a butylester of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride copolymer; an ethylester of vinyl methyl ether and maleic anhydride copolymer; a polymerwhich consists of polystyrene sulfonate monomers; a polymer consists of1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone; vinyl acetate and vinylpyrrolidone copolymer;vinylcaprolactam homopolymer; a quaternary ammonium polymer formed bythe reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone anddimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate; and mixtures thereof.
 19. A compositionaccording to claim 14 in which the hydrocarbon surfactant is an anionicsurfactant selected from the group consisting of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate or its acid form; magnesium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or itsacid form; ammonium dioctyl sulfosuccinate or its acid form; sodiumdodecyl sulfate or its acid form; magnesium dodecyl sulfate or its acidform; ammonium dodecyl sulfate or its acid form; sodium laureth sulfateor its acid form; magnesium laureth sulfate or its acid form; ammoniumlaureth sulfate or its acid form.
 20. A composition according to claim14 in which the hydrocarbon surfactant is the zwitterionic surfactantcocoamidopropyl betaine.
 21. The composition according to claim 14wherein the salt is an organic salt selected from the group consistingof sodium benzoate; magnesium benzoate; sodium acetate; and magnesiumacetate.
 22. The composition according to claim 14 wherein the salt isan inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride;and magnesium chloride.
 23. The composition according to claim 14wherein the alcohol is selected from the group consisting of ethanol andisopropanol.
 24. A composition according to claim 14 which furthercomprises silicone based surfactants in an amount from 0.01% to 5% byweight of the composition.
 25. The compositions in claim 24 in which thesilicone based surfactant is selected from the group consisting ofdimethicone copolyol and cyclomethicone.
 26. The composition in claim 14in which the neutralizing agent is selected from the group consisting of2-amino,2-methyl,1-propanol; dimethyl stearamine; sodium hydroxide; andpotassium hydroxide.
 27. The composition in accordance with claim 14wherein the liquified propellant gas is selected from the groupconsisting of dimethyl ether, a mixture of propane and butane, andmethyl acetate.
 28. A method for treating hair which comprisescontacting said hair with a composition according to claim
 1. 29. Amethod for treating hair which comprises contacting said hair with acomposition according to claim 14.